Pre Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT)

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a sophisticated screening technique used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) to assess the genetic health of embryos before they are transferred into the uterus. This testing helps identify any genetic abnormalities or inherited conditions, ensuring that only genetically healthy embryos are selected for transfer.

Types of PGT

• PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy):

  • This test checks for abnormal numbers of chromosomes in the embryo (aneuploidy). Embryos with the correct number of chromosomes are more likely to result in a successful pregnancy and reduce the risk of miscarriage or genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.

• PGT-M (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders):

  • PGT-M is used when one or both parents carry known genetic mutations that could be passed on to their child. It helps screen embryos for specific inherited genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, or Huntington’s disease.

• PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements):

  • This test is used to detect structural abnormalities in the chromosomes, such as translocations, which could lead to miscarriage or failed implantation.

How PGT Works

• Embryo Biopsy:

  • After the embryos are created via IVF and reach the blastocyst stage, a few cells are carefully removed from each embryo in a process known as an embryo biopsy. The procedure is done without harming the embryo, which continues to develop.

• Genetic Analysis:

  • The cells collected from the biopsy are then analyzed in a genetic laboratory. The results of this analysis reveal any chromosomal or genetic abnormalities present in the embryos.

• Selection of Healthy Embryos:

  • Based on the results, genetically healthy embryos without abnormalities are selected for transfer, improving the chances of a successful pregnancy and reducing the risk of genetic disorders.

Benefits of PGT

• Reduces Risk of Genetic Disorders:

  • PGT helps prevent the transmission of inherited genetic conditions and chromosomal abnormalities, ensuring that only healthy embryos are transferred.

• Improves Pregnancy Success:

  • By selecting genetically normal embryos, PGT increases the likelihood of successful implantation and pregnancy, particularly for couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage or failed IVF attempts.

• Reduces the Risk of Miscarriage:

  • Since chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of miscarriage, PGT helps reduce this risk by screening out embryos with an incorrect number of chromosomes.

• Helps with Family Balancing:

  • For families wanting to balance the gender of their children, PGT can also reveal the gender of the embryo, allowing for gender selection.