Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that enables healthcare providers to visually examine the inside of the uterus and cervix to diagnose and treat various abnormalities. This procedure utilizes a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus, allowing the surgeon to obtain clear images and perform necessary interventions.

Purpose of Hysteroscopy

• Diagnosis of Uterine Abnormalities:

  • Hysteroscopy is primarily used to investigate and diagnose conditions such as:
    • Uterine Polyps: Growths on the inner lining of the uterus that can cause irregular bleeding.
    • Fibroids: Non-cancerous tumors in the uterus that can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, or infertility.
    • Endometrial Hyperplasia: Thickening of the uterine lining, which can sometimes lead to cancer.
    • Adhesions (Asherman’s Syndrome): Scar tissue that can form in the uterus, potentially affecting fertility.

• Treatment of Abnormalities:

  • In addition to diagnosis, operative hysteroscopy allows for the treatment of certain conditions during the same procedure. Common treatments include:
    • Removal of Polyps and Fibroids: Surgeons can excise these growths using specialized instruments passed through the hysteroscope.
    • Separation of Adhesions: Adhesive tissue can be carefully cut to restore normal uterine anatomy.
    • Endometrial Biopsy: Tissue samples can be collected for further analysis.

The Hysteroscopy Procedure

• Preparation:

  • Patients are usually advised to undergo a pre-operative assessment, including blood tests and imaging studies. It is often recommended to schedule the procedure after menstruation but before ovulation.

• Anesthesia:

  • Hysteroscopy can be performed under local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the case and patient preference.

• Surgical Process:

  • The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The surgeon fills the uterus with a sterile solution to expand it and improve visibility.
  • The surgeon examines the uterine cavity on a monitor and can perform any necessary treatments using small instruments that are passed through the hysteroscope.