What is Hyperprolactinemia?
Hyperprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by the excessive production of prolactin; a hormone responsible for milk production in women. While it primarily affects women, men can also experience hyperprolactinemia.
What Causes Hyperprolactinemia?
Several factors can contribute to hyperprolactinemia, including:
Pituitary tumors: Benign tumors (prolactinomas) on the pituitary gland are the most common cause, leading to excessive prolactin production.
Medications: Certain medications can increase prolactin levels, such as those used for high blood pressure, birth control, menopause, pain, nausea, heartburn, and depression.
Medical conditions: Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, chest wall injury, shingles, other pituitary tumors, kidney or liver diseases can also elevate prolactin levels.
What are the Symptoms of Hyperprolactinemia?
Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of hyperprolactinemia. Common symptoms in women include:
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Breast milk production even without pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Vaginal dryness
- Infertility
- Decreased sex drive
In men, symptoms may include:
- Erectile dysfunction
- Decreased sex drive
- Gynecomastia (enlarged breasts)
- Decreased body hair and muscle mass
How is Hyperprolactinemia Diagnosed?
A blood test is used to measure prolactin levels. If elevated, further tests may be necessary to determine the underlying cause, such as an MRI to check for a pituitary tumor.
What is the Treatment for Hyperprolactinemia?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
Medications: Drugs can effectively lower prolactin levels.
Surgery: If a tumor is causing hyperprolactinemia, surgery may be necessary to remove it.
Radiation therapy: In rare cases, radiation may be used to shrink a tumor.
Complications of Hyperprolactinemia
Untreated hyperprolactinemia can lead to:
- Infertility
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Vision problems
- Headaches
- Pregnancy complications
If you experience symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, consult your doctor for evaluation and appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and management can help prevent complications and improve your overall well-being.
